In what situation can a covered entity disclose PHI without patient consent to law enforcement?

A covered entity can disclose protected health information (PHI) without patient consent when required by law or in response to a valid subpoena or court order. This provision is an essential part of the HIPAA privacy rule, which allows for certain disclosures of PHI in compliance with legal mandates.

When a subpoena or court order is issued, it represents a legitimate legal request for information, meaning the covered entity is obligated to comply with the law, balancing the need for privacy with the needs of the judicial system. This can include disclosures in legal proceedings, access to records for law enforcement investigations, or any situation where laws expressly demand the release of health information for matters such as compliance, investigation, or prosecution of crimes.

The other choices do not align with HIPAA regulations regarding the disclosure of PHI. Internal investigations generally do not justify the release of PHI to law enforcement without patient consent, marketing does not fall under legally mandated disclosures, and public opinion does not constitute a legal basis for disclosure. These contexts do not provide the necessary legal framework needed for releasing PHI without patient authorization.